Cancer Screening — Publications

An Integrated Academic Oncology Ecosystem for Hawaiʻi and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands

Lim SJS, Yamauchi H, Yamauchi T, Sumida K, Shepherd J, Shomaker TS, Buenconsejo-Lum LE, Ueno NT

Cancers, 18, 1441 (2026)

Artificial intelligence-enhanced handheld breast ultrasound for screening: A systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy

Bunnell A, Valdez D, Strand F, Glaser Y, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

PLOS Digital Health, 4, e0001019 (2025)

Prediction of mammographic breast density based on clinical breast ultrasound images using deep learning: a retrospective analysis

Bunnell A, Valdez D, Wolfgruber T, Quon BK, Hung K, Hernandez BY, Seto TB, Killeen J, Miyoshi M, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 46, 101096 (2025)

Learning a Clinically-Relevant Concept Bottleneck for Lesion Detection in Breast Ultrasound

Bunnell A, Glaser Y, Valdez D, Wolfgruber T, Altamirano A, González CZ, Hernandez BY, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 650-659 (2024)

The distribution of breast density in women aged 18 years and older

Perera D, Pirikahu S, Walter J, Cadby G, Darcey E, Lloyd R, Hickey M, Saunders C, Hackmann MJ, Sampson DD, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Stone J

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 205, 521-531 (2024)

Alternative methods to measure breast density in younger women

Lloyd R, Pirikahu S, Walter J, Cadby G, Darcey E, Perera D, Hickey M, Saunders C, Karnowski K, Sampson DD, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Stone J

British Journal of Cancer, 128, 1701-1709 (2023)

Technical note: Low clinical efficacy, but good acceptability of a point‐of‐care electronic palpation device for breast cancer screening for a lower middle‐income environment

Valdez D, Cruz T, Rania S, Badowski G, Cassel K, Wolfgruber T, Grosskreutz S, Dulana L, Adonay R, Maskarinec G, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 49, 2663-2671 (2022)

A comparison of various methods for measuring breast density and breast tissue composition in adolescent girls and women

Kehm RD, Walter EJ, Pereira A, White M, Oskar S, Michels KB, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Terry MB

Scientific Reports, 12, 13547 (2022)

Association of Daily Alcohol Intake, Volumetric Breast Density, and Breast Cancer Risk

Rustagi AS, Scott CG, Winham SJ, Brandt KR, Norman AD, Jensen MR, Shepherd J, Hruska CB, Heine J, Pankratz VS, Kerlikowske K, Vachon CM

JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 5, (2021)

Dual-energy three-compartment breast imaging for compositional biomarkers to improve detection of malignant lesions

Leong LT, Malkov S, Drukker K, Niell BL, Sadowski P, Wolfgruber T, Greenwood H, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Giger ML, Shepherd J

Communications Medicine, 1, 29 (2021)

The potential of using artificial intelligence to improve skin cancer diagnoses in Hawai‘i’s multiethnic population

Willingham ML, Spencer SY, Lum C, Sanchez JMN, Burnett T, Shepherd J, Cassel K

Melanoma Research, 31, 504-514 (2021)

Deep Learning Predicts Interval and Screening-detected Cancer from Screening Mammograms: A Case-Case-Control Study in 6369 Women

Zhu X, Wolfgruber T, Leong LT, Jensen MR, Scott CG, Winham SJ, Sadowski P, Vachon CM, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Radiology, 301, 550-558 (2021)

Mammary collagen architecture and its association with mammographic density and lesion severity among women undergoing image-guided breast biopsy

Bodelón C, Mullooly M, Pfeiffer RM, Fan S, Abubakar M, Lenz PH, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Breast Cancer Research, 23, 105 (2021)

Three compartment breast machine learning model for improving computer-aided detection

Leong LT, Giger ML, Drukker K, Kerlikowske K, Joe BN, Greenwood H, Malkov S, Niell BL, Shepherd J

Relationship of Serum Progesterone and Progesterone Metabolites with Mammographic Breast Density and Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit Involution among Women Undergoing Diagnostic Breast Biopsy

Hada M, Oh H, Fan S, Falk RT, Geller BM, Vacek PM, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 245 (2020)

Using Digital Pathology to Understand Epithelial Characteristics of Benign Breast Disease among Women Undergoing Diagnostic Image-Guided Breast Biopsy

Mullooly M, Puvanesarajah S, Fan S, Pfeiffer RM, Olsson LT, Hada M, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Cancer Prevention Research, 12, 861-870 (2019)

Derived mammographic masking measures based on simulated lesions predict the risk of interval cancer after controlling for known risk factors: a case‐case analysis

Hinton B, Ma L, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Malkov S, Fan B, Greenwood H, Joe BN, Lee V, Strand F, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 46, 1309-1316 (2019)

Localized mammographic density is associated with interval cancer and large breast cancer: a nested case-control study

Strand F, Azavedo E, Hellgren R, Humphreys K, Eriksson M, Shepherd J, Hall P, Czene K

Breast Cancer Research, 21, 8 (2019)

Automated volumetric breast density measures: differential change between breasts in women with and without breast cancer

Brandt KR, Scott CG, Miglioretti DL, Jensen MR, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Hruska CB, Ma L, Wu F, Cummings SR, Norman AD, Engmann NJ, Shepherd J, Winham SJ, Kerlikowske K, Vachon CM

Breast Cancer Research, 21, 118 (2019)

Deep learning networks find unique mammographic differences in previous negative mammograms between interval and screen-detected cancers: a case-case study

Hinton B, Ma L, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Malkov S, Fan B, Greenwood H, Joe BN, Lee V, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Cancer Imaging, 19, 41 (2019)

Measurement challenge: protocol for international case–control comparison of mammographic measures that predict breast cancer risk

Dench EK, Bond‐Smith D, Darcey E, Lee G, Aung YK, Chan A, …, Shepherd J, et al.

BMJ Open, 9, e031041 (2019)

Body mass index, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor subtype

Shieh Y, Scott CG, Jensen MR, Norman AD, Bertrand KA, Pankratz VS, Brandt KR, Visscher DW, Shepherd J, Tamimi RM, Vachon CM, Kerlikowske K

Breast Cancer Research, 21, 48 (2019)

Deep learning methods aid in predicting risk of interval cancer

Hinton B, Shepherd J, Kerlikowske K, Joe BN, Greenwood H, Ma L

Combined Benefit of Quantitative Three-Compartment Breast Image Analysis and Mammography Radiomics in the Classification of Breast Masses in a Clinical Data Set

Drukker K, Giger ML, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Greenwood H, Drukteinis JS, Niell BL, Fan B, Malkov S, Avila J, Kazemi L, Shepherd J

Radiology, 290, 621-628 (2018)

Automated and Clinical Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Density Measures Predict Risk for Screen-Detected and Interval Cancers

Kerlikowske K, Scott CG, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Ma L, Winham SJ, Jensen MR, Wu F, Malkov S, Pankratz VS, Cummings SR, Shepherd J, Brandt KR, Miglioretti DL, Vachon CM

Annals of Internal Medicine, 168, 757-765 (2018)

Deep learning and three-compartment breast imaging in breast cancer diagnosis

Drukker K, Huynh BQ, Giger ML, Malkov S, Avila J, Fan B, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Drukteinis JS, Kazemi L, Pereira M, Shepherd J

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 10134, 101341F (2017)

Combining quantitative and qualitative breast density measures to assess breast cancer risk

Kerlikowske K, Ma L, Scott CG, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Jensen MR, Sprague BL, Henderson LM, Pankratz VS, Cummings SR, Miglioretti DL, Vachon CM, Shepherd J

Breast Cancer Research, 19, 97 (2017)

Identification, segmentation, and characterization of microcalcifications on mammography

Drukker K, Malkov S, Avila J, Kerlikowske K, Joe BN, Krings G, Creasman JM, Drukteinis JS, Pereira M, Kazemi L, Shepherd J, Giger ML

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 9785, 97850S (2016)

A Measure of Regional Mammographic Masking Based on the CDMAM Phantom

Hinton B, Malkov S, Avila J, Fan B, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Ma L, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 525-531 (2016)

Longitudinal fluctuation in mammographic percent density differentiates between interval and screen‐detected breast cancer

Strand F, Humphreys K, Eriksson M, Li J, Andersson T, Törnberg S, Azavedo E, Shepherd J, Hall P, Czene K

International Journal of Cancer, 140, 34-40 (2016)

Relation of Serum Estrogen Metabolites with Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution Among Women Undergoing Diagnostic Image-Guided Breast Biopsy

Oh H, Khodr ZG, Sherman ME, Palakal M, Pfeiffer RM, Linville L, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Hormones and Cancer, 7, 305-315 (2016)

Novel mammographic image features differentiate between interval and screen-detected breast cancer: a case-case study

Strand F, Humphreys K, Cheddad A, Törnberg S, Azavedo E, Shepherd J, Hall P, Czene K

Breast Cancer Research, 18, 100 (2016)

Relationships between mammographic density, tissue microvessel density, and breast biopsy diagnosis

Felix AS, Lenz PH, Pfeiffer RM, Hewitt SM, Morris J, Patel DA, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Breast Cancer Research, 18, 88 (2016)

Mammographic texture and risk of breast cancer by tumor type and estrogen receptor status

Malkov S, Shepherd J, Scott CG, Tamimi RM, Ma L, Bertrand KA, Couch FJ, Jensen MR, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Fan B, Norman AD, Brandt KR, Pankratz VS, Vachon CM, Kerlikowske K

Breast Cancer Research, 18, 122 (2016)

Dense and Nondense Mammographic Area and Risk of Breast Cancer by Age and Tumor Characteristics

Bertrand KA, Scott CG, Tamimi RM, Jensen MR, Pankratz VS, Norman AD, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 24, 798-809 (2015)

Comparison of Clinical and Automated Breast Density Measurements: Implications for Risk Prediction and Supplemental Screening

Brandt KR, Scott CG, Ma L, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Jensen MR, Whaley DH, Wu F, Malkov S, Hruska CB, Norman AD, Heine J, Shepherd J, Pankratz VS, Kerlikowske K, Vachon CM

Radiology, 279, 710-719 (2015)

Roles of biologic breast tissue composition and quantitative image analysis of mammographic images in breast tumor characterization

Drukker K, Giger ML, Duewer F, Malkov S, Flowers CI, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Drukteinis JS, Shepherd J

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 9035, 90351U (2014)

Compositional Three-Component Breast Imaging of Fibroadenoma and Invasive Cancer Lesions: Pilot Study

Malkov S, Duewer F, Kerlikowske K, Drukker K, Giger ML, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 109-114 (2014)

Mammographic quantitative image analysis and biologic image composition for breast lesion characterization and classification

Drukker K, Duewer F, Giger ML, Malkov S, Flowers CI, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Drukteinis JS, Li H, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 41, 031915 (2014)

Automated Measurement of Volumetric Mammographic Density: A Tool for Widespread Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

Brand JS, Czene K, Shepherd J, Leifland K, Heddson B, Sundbom A, Eriksson M, Li J, Humphreys K, Hall P

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 23, 1764-1772 (2014)

Digital mammographic density and breast cancer risk: a case–control study of six alternative density assessment methods

Eng A, Gallant Z, Shepherd J, McCormack V, Li J, Dowsett M, Vinnicombe S, Allen S, dos‐Santos‐Silva I

Breast Cancer Research, 16, 439 (2014)

Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by age and tumor characteristics

Bertrand KA, Tamimi RM, Scott CG, Jensen MR, Pankratz VS, Visscher DW, …, Shepherd J, et al.

Breast Cancer Research, 15, R104 (2013)

Improvements and Performance of Diagnostic Compositional Imaging Using a Novel Dual-Energy X-ray Technique

Duewer F, Flowers CI, Kerlikowske K, Malkov S, Joe BN, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 569-574 (2012)

Adolescent Diet and Subsequent Serum Hormones, Breast Density, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-up Study

Dorgan JF, Liu L, Klifa C, Hylton NM, Shepherd J, Stanczyk FZ, et al.

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 19, 1545-1556 (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging for secondary assessment of breast density in a high-risk cohort

Klifa C, Carballido‐Gamio J, Wilmes LJ, Laprie A, Shepherd J, Gibbs J, Fan B, Noworolski SM, Hylton NM

Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 28, 8-15 (2009)

Prevention of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Approaches to Estimating and Reducing Risk

Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer SR, Browner WS, Cuzick J, Ziv E, Vogel V, Shepherd J, Vachon C, Smith‐Bindman R, Kerlikowske K

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 101, 384-398 (2009)

Breast Density Assessment in Adolescent Girls Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: A Feasibility Study

Shepherd J, Malkov S, Fan B, Laidevant A, Novotny R, Maskarinec G

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 17, 1709-1713 (2008)

Novel use of Single X-Ray Absorptiometry for Measuring Breast Density

Shepherd J, Hervé L, Landau J, Fan B, Kerlikowske K, Cummings S

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, 4, 173-182 (2005)

Are Breast Density and Bone Mineral Density Independent Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?

Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J, Creasman JM, Tice JA, Ziv E, Cummings SR

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 97, 368-374 (2005)

Quantification of breast tissue index from MR data using fuzzy clustering

Klifa C, Carballido‐Gamio J, Wilmes LJ, Laprie A, Lobo C, DeMicco E, Watkins MW, Shepherd J, Gibbs J, Hylton NM

Accuracy of mammographic breast density analysis: results of formal operator training.

Prevrhal S, Shepherd J, Smith‐Bindman R, Cummings SR, Kerlikowske K

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 11, 1389-93 (2002)