Artificial Intelligence — Publications

Deep Learning Enables Large-Scale Shape and Appearance Modeling in Total-Body DXA Imaging

Bunnell A, Cataldi D, Glaser Y, Wolfgruber T, Heymsfield SB, Zonderman AB, Kelly TL, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 262-276 (2025)

Artificial intelligence-enhanced handheld breast ultrasound for screening: A systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy

Bunnell A, Valdez D, Strand F, Glaser Y, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

PLOS Digital Health, 4, e0001019 (2025)

The gSOS polygenic score is associated with bone density and fracture risk in childhood

Mitchell JA, Bradfield JP, McCormack SE, Chesi A, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Oberfield SE, Duren DL, Shepherd J, Hankenson KD, Kelly A, Håkonarson H, Grant SF, Zemel BS

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 41, 15-24 (2025)

Prediction of mammographic breast density based on clinical breast ultrasound images using deep learning: a retrospective analysis

Bunnell A, Valdez D, Wolfgruber T, Quon BK, Hung K, Hernandez BY, Seto TB, Killeen J, Miyoshi M, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 46, 101096 (2025)

3D convolutional deep learning for nonlinear estimation of body composition from whole body morphology

Tian IY, Liu J, Wong MC, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

npj Digital Medicine, 8, 79 (2025)

Accurate Prediction of 3D Humanoid Avatars for Anthropometric Modeling

Heymsfield SB, McCarthy C, Wong M, Brown J, Bennett JP, Shepherd J

Current Developments in Nutrition, 8, 103558 (2024)

Accurate prediction of three-dimensional humanoid avatars for anthropometric modeling

McCarthy C, Wong MC, Brown J, Ramirez S, Yang S, Bennett JP, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

International Journal of Obesity, 48, 1741-1747 (2024)

Performance of Progressive Generations of GPT on an Exam Designed for Certifying Physicians as Certified Clinical Densitometrists

Valdez D, Bunnell A, Lim SY, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 27, 101480 (2024)

The DIRAC framework: Geometric structure underlies roles of and in combining classifiers

Sniatynski MJ, Shepherd J, Wilkens LR, Hsu DF, Kristal BS

Patterns, 5, 100924 (2024)

Generative deep learning furthers the understanding of local distributions of fat and muscle on body shape and health using 3D surface scans

Leong LT, Wong MC, Liu YE, Glaser Y, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Cataldi D, Sadowski P, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Communications Medicine, 4, 13 (2024)

Learning a Clinically-Relevant Concept Bottleneck for Lesion Detection in Breast Ultrasound

Bunnell A, Glaser Y, Valdez D, Wolfgruber T, Altamirano A, González CZ, Hernandez BY, Sadowski P, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 650-659 (2024)

Prediction of total and regional body composition from 3D body shape

Qiao C, Rolfe EDL, Mak E, Sengupta A, Powell RC, Watson L, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J, Wareham NJ, Brage S, Cipolla R

npj Digital Medicine, 7, 298 (2024)

Advances in digital anthropometric body composition assessment: neural network algorithm prediction of appendicular lean mass

Marazzato F, McCarthy C, Field RH, Nguyen HTN, Nguyen T, Shepherd J, Tinsley GM, Heymsfield SB

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 452-454 (2023)

Automated body composition estimation from device-agnostic 3D optical scans in pediatric populations

Tian IY, Wong MC, Nguyen WM, Kennedy S, McCarthy C, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

Clinical Nutrition, 42, 1619-1630 (2023)

Smartphone prediction of skeletal muscle mass: model development and validation in adults

McCarthy C, Tinsley GM, Yang S, Irving BA, Wong MC, Bennett JP, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117, 794-801 (2023)

Deep learning predicts all-cause mortality from longitudinal total-body DXA imaging

Glaser Y, Shepherd J, Leong LT, Wolfgruber T, Lui L, Sadowski P, Cummings SR

Communications Medicine, 2, 102 (2022)

A device‐agnostic shape model for automated body composition estimates from 3D optical scans

Tian IY, Wong MC, Kennedy S, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 49, 6395-6409 (2022)

Ranks underlie outcome of combining classifiers: Quantitative roles for and

Sniatynski MJ, Shepherd J, Ernst T, Wilkens LR, Hsu DF, Kristal BS

Patterns, 3, 100415 (2021)

Dual-energy three-compartment breast imaging for compositional biomarkers to improve detection of malignant lesions

Leong LT, Malkov S, Drukker K, Niell BL, Sadowski P, Wolfgruber T, Greenwood H, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Giger ML, Shepherd J

Communications Medicine, 1, 29 (2021)

The potential of using artificial intelligence to improve skin cancer diagnoses in Hawai‘i’s multiethnic population

Willingham ML, Spencer SY, Lum C, Sanchez JMN, Burnett T, Shepherd J, Cassel K

Melanoma Research, 31, 504-514 (2021)

A pose‐independent method for accurate and precise body composition from 3D optical scans

Wong MC, Ng BK, Tian IY, Sobhiyeh S, Pagano I, Dechenaud M, …, Shepherd J

Obesity, 29, 1835-1847 (2021)

Deep Learning Predicts Interval and Screening-detected Cancer from Screening Mammograms: A Case-Case-Control Study in 6369 Women

Zhu X, Wolfgruber T, Leong LT, Jensen MR, Scott CG, Winham SJ, Sadowski P, Vachon CM, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Radiology, 301, 550-558 (2021)

Three compartment breast machine learning model for improving computer-aided detection

Leong LT, Giger ML, Drukker K, Kerlikowske K, Joe BN, Greenwood H, Malkov S, Niell BL, Shepherd J

Fully Automated Pipeline for Body Composition Estimation from 3D Optical Scans using Principal Component Analysis: A Shape Up Study

Sobhiyeh S, Borel N, Dechenaud M, Graham CA, Wong MC, Wolenski PR, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

Predicting 3D body shape and body composition from conventional 2D photography

Tian IY, Ng BK, Wong MC, Kennedy S, Hwaung P, Kelly NN, Liu E, Garber AK, Curless B, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 47, 6232-6245 (2020)

Novel body fat estimation using machine learning and 3-dimensional optical imaging

Harty PS, Sieglinger BA, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J, Bruner DM, Stratton MT, Tinsley GM

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74, 842-845 (2020)

Derived mammographic masking measures based on simulated lesions predict the risk of interval cancer after controlling for known risk factors: a case‐case analysis

Hinton B, Ma L, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Malkov S, Fan B, Greenwood H, Joe BN, Lee V, Strand F, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 46, 1309-1316 (2019)

Crotch detection on 3D optical scans of human subjects

Sobhiyeh S, Dunkel A, Dechenaud M, Kennedy S, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB, Wolenski PR

Electronic Imaging, 31, 10-1 (2019)

Hole Filling in 3D Scans for Digital Anthropometric Applications

Sobhiyeh S, Dechenaud M, Dunkel A, LaBorde ML, Kennedy S, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB, Wolenski PR

Deep learning networks find unique mammographic differences in previous negative mammograms between interval and screen-detected cancers: a case-case study

Hinton B, Ma L, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Malkov S, Fan B, Greenwood H, Joe BN, Lee V, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Cancer Imaging, 19, 41 (2019)

Application of convolutional neural networks to breast biopsies to delineate tissue correlates of mammographic breast density

Mullooly M, Bejnordi BE, Pfeiffer RM, Fan S, Palakal M, Hada M, …, Shepherd J, et al.

npj Breast Cancer, 5, 43 (2019)

Deep learning methods aid in predicting risk of interval cancer

Hinton B, Shepherd J, Kerlikowske K, Joe BN, Greenwood H, Ma L

Combined Benefit of Quantitative Three-Compartment Breast Image Analysis and Mammography Radiomics in the Classification of Breast Masses in a Clinical Data Set

Drukker K, Giger ML, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Greenwood H, Drukteinis JS, Niell BL, Fan B, Malkov S, Avila J, Kazemi L, Shepherd J

Radiology, 290, 621-628 (2018)

Deep learning and three-compartment breast imaging in breast cancer diagnosis

Drukker K, Huynh BQ, Giger ML, Malkov S, Avila J, Fan B, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Drukteinis JS, Kazemi L, Pereira M, Shepherd J

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 10134, 101341F (2017)

Modeling the shape and composition of the human body using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry images

Shepherd J, Ng BK, Fan B, Schwartz AV, Cawthon PM, Cummings SR, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Santanasto AJ, Cootes T

PLoS ONE, 12, e0175857 (2017)

Identification, segmentation, and characterization of microcalcifications on mammography

Drukker K, Malkov S, Avila J, Kerlikowske K, Joe BN, Krings G, Creasman JM, Drukteinis JS, Pereira M, Kazemi L, Shepherd J, Giger ML

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 9785, 97850S (2016)

Accurate body composition measures from whole‐body silhouettes

Xie B, Avila J, Ng BK, Fan B, Loo V, Gilsanz V, Hangartner TN, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Oberfield SE, Winer KK, Zemel BS, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 42, 4668-4677 (2015)

Statistical appearance modeling of whole-body bone shape and density

Ng BK, Marquino L, Tai V, Sheets C, Mulligan K, Cootes T, Shepherd J

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 2, 246-247 (2014)

Roles of biologic breast tissue composition and quantitative image analysis of mammographic images in breast tumor characterization

Drukker K, Giger ML, Duewer F, Malkov S, Flowers CI, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Drukteinis JS, Shepherd J

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 9035, 90351U (2014)

Automated Volumetric Breast Density Derived by Statistical Model Approach

Malkov S, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Lecture notes in computer science, , 257-264 (2014)

Automated volumetric breast density derived by shape and appearance modeling

Malkov S, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd J

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 9034, 90342T (2014)

Mammographic quantitative image analysis and biologic image composition for breast lesion characterization and classification

Drukker K, Duewer F, Giger ML, Malkov S, Flowers CI, Joe BN, Kerlikowske K, Drukteinis JS, Li H, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 41, 031915 (2014)

Computer-Assisted Technique to Delineate Osteolytic Lesions Around the Femoral Component in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Prevrhal S, Klifa C, Shepherd J, Ries MD, Genant HK

The Journal of Arthroplasty, 23, 833-838 (2008)

Quantification of breast tissue index from MR data using fuzzy clustering

Klifa C, Carballido‐Gamio J, Wilmes LJ, Laprie A, Lobo C, DeMicco E, Watkins MW, Shepherd J, Gibbs J, Hylton NM