3D Optical Scanning — Publications

3D convolutional deep learning for nonlinear estimation of body composition from whole body morphology

Tian IY, Liu J, Wong MC, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

npj Digital Medicine, 8, 79 (2025)

Accurate Prediction of 3D Humanoid Avatars for Anthropometric Modeling

Heymsfield SB, McCarthy C, Wong M, Brown J, Bennett JP, Shepherd J

Current Developments in Nutrition, 8, 103558 (2024)

Prediction of Total and Regional Body Composition from 3D BodyShape

Cipolla R, Qiao C, Rolfe EDL, Brage S, Mak E, Sengupta A, Powell RC, Watson L, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J, Wareham NJ

Research Square, , (2024)

3D Convolutional Deep Learning for Nonlinear Estimation of Body Composition from Whole-Body Morphology

Tian IY, Liu J, Wong MC, Kelly NN, Liu Y, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

Research Square, , (2024)

Accurate prediction of three-dimensional humanoid avatars for anthropometric modeling

McCarthy C, Wong MC, Brown J, Ramirez S, Yang S, Bennett JP, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

International Journal of Obesity, 48, 1741-1747 (2024)

Evaluation of body shape as a human body composition assessment in isolated conditions and remote environments

Wong MC, Bennett JP, Leong LT, Liu YE, Kelly NN, Cherry JA, Kloza K, Li B, Iuliano S, Sibonga JD, Sawyer A, Ayton J, Shepherd J

npj Microgravity, 10, 72 (2024)

The Prospective Association between Early Life Growth and Breast Density in Young Adult Women

Lloyd R, Pirikahu S, Walter EJ, Cadby G, Warrington NM, Perera D, Hickey M, Saunders C, Hackmann MJ, Sampson DD, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Stone J

Cancers, 16, 2418 (2024)

Trunk-to-leg volume and appendicular lean mass from a commercial 3-dimensional optical body scanner for disease risk identification

Bennett JP, Wong MC, Liu YE, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Clinical Nutrition, 43, 2430-2437 (2024)

Generative deep learning furthers the understanding of local distributions of fat and muscle on body shape and health using 3D surface scans

Leong LT, Wong MC, Liu YE, Glaser Y, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Cataldi D, Sadowski P, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Communications Medicine, 4, 13 (2024)

Clinical Anthropometrics and Body Composition from 3-Dimensional Optical Imaging

Minetto MA, Busso C, Ferraris A, Pietrobelli A, Shepherd J, McCarthy C, Heymsfield SB

Journal of Visualized Experiments, , (2024)

Prediction of total and regional body composition from 3D body shape

Qiao C, Rolfe EDL, Mak E, Sengupta A, Powell RC, Watson L, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J, Wareham NJ, Brage S, Cipolla R

npj Digital Medicine, 7, 298 (2024)

The distribution of breast density in women aged 18 years and older

Perera D, Pirikahu S, Walter J, Cadby G, Darcey E, Lloyd R, Hickey M, Saunders C, Hackmann MJ, Sampson DD, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Stone J

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 205, 521-531 (2024)

Deep Learning Furthers the Understanding of Local Distributions of Fat and Muscle on Body Shape and Health Using 3D Surface Scans

Leong LT, Wong MC, Liu YE, Glaser Y, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Cataldi D, Sadowski P, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

SSRN Electronic Journal, , (2023)

Equations for smartphone prediction of adiposity and appendicular lean mass in youth soccer players

Minetto MA, Pietrobelli A, Ferraris A, Busso C, Magistrali M, Vignati C, Sieglinger BA, Bruner DM, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

Scientific Reports, 13, 20734 (2023)

Development and validation of a rapid multicompartment body composition model using 3-dimensional optical imaging and bioelectrical impedance analysis

Bennett JP, Cataldi D, Liu YE, Kelly NN, Quon BK, Schoeller DA, Kelly TL, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Clinical Nutrition, 43, 346-356 (2023)

Advances in digital anthropometric body composition assessment: neural network algorithm prediction of appendicular lean mass

Marazzato F, McCarthy C, Field RH, Nguyen HTN, Nguyen T, Shepherd J, Tinsley GM, Heymsfield SB

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 452-454 (2023)

Automated body composition estimation from device-agnostic 3D optical scans in pediatric populations

Tian IY, Wong MC, Nguyen WM, Kennedy S, McCarthy C, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

Clinical Nutrition, 42, 1619-1630 (2023)

Cross-sectional assessment of body composition and detection of malnutrition risk in participants with low body mass index and eating disorders using 3D optical surface scans

Garber AK, Bennett JP, Wong MC, Tian IY, Maskarinec G, Kennedy S, McCarthy C, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Machen VI, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 118, 812-821 (2023)

Translating digital anthropometry measurements obtained from different 3D body image scanners

Ashby N, LaPorte GJ, Richardson D, Scioletti M, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J, McGurk M, Bustillos B, Gist NH, Thomas DM

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, 872-880 (2023)

Alternative methods to measure breast density in younger women

Lloyd R, Pirikahu S, Walter J, Cadby G, Darcey E, Perera D, Hickey M, Saunders C, Karnowski K, Sampson DD, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Stone J

British Journal of Cancer, 128, 1701-1709 (2023)

Accuracy and Precision of 3-dimensional Optical Imaging for Body Composition by Age, BMI, and Ethnicity

Wong MC, Bennett JP, Quon BK, Leong LT, Tian IY, Liu YE, Kelly NN, McCarthy C, Chow DC, Pujades S, Garber AK, Maskarinec G, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 118, 657-671 (2023)

Monitoring body composition change for intervention studies with advancing 3D optical imaging technology in comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Wong MC, Bennett JP, Leong LT, Tian IY, Liu YE, Kelly NN, McCarthy C, Wong JM, Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS, Irving BA, Scott MC, Stampley J, Davis B, Johannsen NM, Matthews R, Vincellette C, Garber AK, Maskarinec G, Weiss EJ, Rood J, Varanoske AN, Pasiakos SM, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117, 802-813 (2023)

Smartphone prediction of skeletal muscle mass: model development and validation in adults

McCarthy C, Tinsley GM, Yang S, Irving BA, Wong MC, Bennett JP, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117, 794-801 (2023)

Emergence of the adolescent obesity epidemic in the United States: five-decade visualization with humanoid avatars

Bennett JP, Wong MC, McCarthy C, Fearnbach N, Queen K, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

International Journal of Obesity, 46, 1587-1590 (2022)

Emergence of the obesity epidemic: 6-decade visualization with humanoid avatars

Wong MC, McCarthy C, Fearnbach N, Yang S, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 115, 1189-1193 (2022)

A device‐agnostic shape model for automated body composition estimates from 3D optical scans

Tian IY, Wong MC, Kennedy S, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Garber AK, Heymsfield SB, Curless B, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 49, 6395-6409 (2022)

A comparison of various methods for measuring breast density and breast tissue composition in adolescent girls and women

Kehm RD, Walter EJ, Pereira A, White M, Oskar S, Michels KB, Shepherd J, Lilge L, Terry MB

Scientific Reports, 12, 13547 (2022)

Three‐dimensional optical body shape and features improve prediction of metabolic disease risk in a diverse sample of adults

Bennett JP, Liu YE, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Leong LT, Wong MC, Kennedy S, Chow DC, Garber AK, Weiss EJ, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Obesity, 30, 1589-1598 (2022)

Digital Anthropometry for Body Circumference Measurements: European Phenotypic Variations throughout the Decades

Minetto MA, Pietrobelli A, Busso C, Bennett JP, Ferraris A, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12, 906 (2022)

Anthropometric evaluation of a 3D scanning mobile application

Smith B, McCarthy C, Dechenaud M, Wong MC, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

Obesity, 30, 1181-1188 (2022)

Accessible Five Compartment Body Composition via 3-Dimensional Imaging and Bioelectrical Impedance

Bennett JP, Cataldi D, Quon BK, Liu YE, Kelly NN, KELLY T, Heymsfield SB, Garber AK, Weiss EJ, Shepherd J

Evaluating the Accuracy of an Hallucinatory Algorithm to Predict Body Shape Changes from Dieting and Physical Activity

Shepherd J, Wong MC, Tian IY, Liu YE, Kennedy S, LOWE D, Kelly NN, Wong JM, Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS, Weiss EJ, Curless B, Heymsfield SB

Creating Accurate Representations of DXA Scans from 3D Optical Body Surface Scans for Arbitrary Regional Body Composition Analysis

Leong LT, Wong MC, Liu YE, Kelly NN, PIAZZA M, GARRY S, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

3D Optical Body Composition Accuracy across Subgroups of BMI and Race/Ethnicity

Wong MC, LIU YE, Kennedy S, Kelly NN, Maskarinec G, Garber AK, Wong JM, Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS, Weiss EJ, Pujades S, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Predicting Muscular Strength with 3D Optical in a Diverse Adult Population

Cataldi D, Bennett J, Quon BK, Liu YE, Kelly NN, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Total body and regional surface area: Quantification with low‐cost three‐dimensional optical imaging systems

Dechenaud M, Kennedy S, Sobhiyeh S, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 175, 865-875 (2021)

Assessment of Arm Volume Using a Tape Measure Versus a 3D Optical Scanner in Survivors with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

Mastick J, Smoot B, Paul SM, Kober KM, Cooper BA, Madden L, Conley YP, Dixit N, Hammer MJ, Fu MR, Piper M, Cate S, Shepherd J, Miaskowski C

Lymphatic Research and Biology, 20, 39-47 (2021)

Digital anthropometric evaluation of young children: comparison to results acquired with conventional anthropometry

Kennedy S, Smith B, Sobhiyeh S, Dechenaud M, Wong MC, Kelly NN, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 251-260 (2021)

Digital anthropometric volumes: Toward the development and validation of a universal software

Sobhiyeh S, Dunkel A, Dechenaud M, Mehrnezhad A, Kennedy S, Shepherd J, Wolenski PR, Heymsfield SB

Medical Physics, 48, 3654-3664 (2021)

A pose‐independent method for accurate and precise body composition from 3D optical scans

Wong MC, Ng BK, Tian IY, Sobhiyeh S, Pagano I, Dechenaud M, Kennedy S, Liu YE, Kelly NN, Chow DC, Garber AK, Maskarinec G, Pujades S, Black MJ, Curless B, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Obesity, 29, 1835-1847 (2021)

Assessment of clinical measures of total and regional body composition from a commercial 3-dimensional optical body scanner

Bennett JP, Liu YE, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Wong MC, Kennedy S, Chow DC, Garber AK, Weiss EJ, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Clinical Nutrition, 41, 211-218 (2021)

Correction: Clinical anthropometrics and body composition from 3D whole-body surface scans

Ng BK, Hinton B, Fan B, Kanaya AM, Shepherd J

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75, 574 (2020)

Fully Automated Pipeline for Body Composition Estimation from 3D Optical Scans using Principal Component Analysis: A Shape Up Study

Sobhiyeh S, Borel N, Dechenaud M, Graham CA, Wong MC, Wolenski PR, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

Digital anthropometry for body circumference measurements: Toward the development of universal three‐dimensional optical system analysis software

Sobhiyeh S, Kennedy S, Dunkel A, Dechenaud M, Weston J, Shepherd J, Wolenski PR, Heymsfield SB

Obesity Science & Practice, 7, 35-44 (2020)

Predicting 3D body shape and body composition from conventional 2D photography

Tian IY, Ng BK, Wong MC, Kennedy S, Hwaung P, Kelly NN, Liu E, Garber AK, Curless B, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 47, 6232-6245 (2020)

Novel body fat estimation using machine learning and 3-dimensional optical imaging

Harty PS, Sieglinger BA, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J, Bruner DM, Stratton MT, Tinsley GM

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74, 842-845 (2020)

Body Composition Measurements from Birth through 5 Years: Challenges, Gaps, and Existing & Emerging Technologies—A National Institutes of Health workshop

Gallagher D, Andres A, Fields DA, Evans WJ, Kuczmarski RJ, Lowe WL, Lumeng JC, Oken E, Shepherd J, Sun SS, Heymsfield SB

Obesity Reviews, 21, e13033 (2020)

Crotch detection on 3D optical scans of human subjects

Sobhiyeh S, Dunkel A, Dechenaud M, Kennedy S, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB, Wolenski PR

Electronic Imaging, 31, 10-1 (2019)

Hole Filling in 3D Scans for Digital Anthropometric Applications

Sobhiyeh S, Dechenaud M, Dunkel A, LaBorde ML, Kennedy S, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB, Wolenski PR

Optical imaging technology for body size and shape analysis: evaluation of a system designed for personal use

Kennedy S, Hwaung P, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Sobhiyeh S, Heo M, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74, 920-929 (2019)

Children and Adolescents’ Anthropometrics Body Composition from 3‐D Optical Surface Scans

Wong MC, Ng BK, Kennedy S, Hwaung P, Liu EY, Kelly NN, Pagano I, Garber AK, Chow DC, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

Obesity, 27, 1738-1749 (2019)

Detailed 3-dimensional body shape features predict body composition, blood metabolites, and functional strength: the Shape Up! studies

Ng BK, Sommer MJ, Wong MC, Pagano I, Nie Y, Fan B, Kennedy S, Bourgeois B, Kelly NN, Liu YE, Hwaung P, Garber AK, Chow DC, Vaisse C, Curless B, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd J

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 110, 1316-1326 (2019)

Digital anthropometry: a critical review

Heymsfield SB, Bourgeois B, Ng BK, Sommer MJ, Li X, Shepherd J

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72, 680-687 (2018)

3D Imaging Technology for Human Body Size and Shape Analysis: Comparison of Three Different Acquisition Technologies

Bourgeois B, Latimer D, Stannard CR, Romeo L, Li X, Shepherd J, Ng BK, Heymsfield SB

The FASEB Journal, 31, (2017)

Clinically applicable optical imaging technology for body size and shape analysis: comparison of systems differing in design

Bourgeois B, Ng BK, Latimer D, Stannard CR, Romeo L, Li X, Shepherd J, Heymsfield SB

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71, 1329-1335 (2017)

Clinical anthropometrics and body composition from 3D whole-body surface scans

Ng BK, Hinton B, Fan B, Kanaya AM, Shepherd J

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 1265-1270 (2016)

Accurate body composition measures from whole‐body silhouettes

Xie B, Avila J, Ng BK, Fan B, Loo V, Gilsanz V, Hangartner TN, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Oberfield SE, Winer KK, Zemel BS, Shepherd J

Medical Physics, 42, 4668-4677 (2015)

Combining 3D optical imaging and dual energy absorptiometry to measure three compositional components

Malkov S, Shepherd J

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 8937, 893714 (2014)